Design Thinking in Design Innovation among Small and Medium Textile Enterprises in Ghana

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana.

2 Department of Industrial, Art Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Abstract

Design thinking which emanates from the concept of Design is used as an analytic and innovative process that engages a person in opportunities to experiment, generate ideas, create models and solicit feedback. The current study attempted to provide further insight into Design Thinking in textile design innovation with reference to Stanford’s Design Thinking model by Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. This is because the understanding of design thinking, which is a human-centred approach to innovation has not been fully explored among Small and Medium Textile Enterprises in Ghana. The study adopted the quantitative research approach, with the descriptive survey as the research design. The accessible population for the study included all small and medium-scale textile manufacturers located in the selected regions. A multi-stage sampling procedure involving convenient, purposive, and stratified sampling techniques was employed in this study. A sample size of 300 was drawn from the 80 Small and Medium Textile Enterprises (SMTEs). Of the 300 questionnaires administered, 273 were considered valid for further analysis, with a 91% valid response rate. The findings revealed that a wide range of concepts are gathered and analysed to define the core problems that have been identified and defined in a human-centred manner, including features, functions, and any other elements necessary to solve problems or allow customers to solve issues on their own with the minimum of effort. In view of that, SMTEs must continuously strive for innovative and creative solutions and develop innovative ways to handle problems to fulfil clients’ needs.

Keywords


Agwu, G. A., Agbanike, T., Uwajumogu, N., & Ogbuagu, R. A. (2020). How do firms combine different types of innovation? A multivariate probit approach. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 12(2), p. 173-185.
Akinwale, Y. O., Adepoju, A. O., & Olomu, M. O. (2017). The impact of technological innovation on SME’s profitability in Nigeria. International Journal of Research, Innovation and Commercialisation. 1(1), p. 74-92.
Akosile, I. O. (2017). Rethinking innovation: The knowledge spill over strategic entrepreneurship in micro and small firms in Nigeria. (Doctoral dissertation) University of Salford.
Anderson, S. J., Lazicky, C. M., & Zia, B. H. (2019). Measuring the unmeasured: Combining technology and behavioural insights to improve measurement of business outcomes. The World Bank.
Brown, T. (2008). Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review. 86(6), p. 84–92.
Brown, T., & Wyatt, J. (2010). Design thinking for social innovation. Development Outreach. 12(1), p. 29-43.
Booyens, I. (2011). Are small, medium-and micro-sized enterprises engines of innovation? The reality in South Africa. Science and Public Policy. 38(1), p. 67-78.
Camisón, C., & Puig-Denia, A. (2016). Are quality management practices enough to improve process innovation? International Journal of Production Research. 54(10), p. 2875-2894.
Carlgren, L. (2013). Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. Dissertation Abstracts International.
Coccia, M. (2017). Sources of technological innovation: Radical and incremental innovation problem-driven to support the competitive advantage of firms. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. 29(9), p. 1048-1061.
Daksa, M. D., Yismaw, M. A., Lemessa, S. D., & Hundie, S. K. (2018). Enterprise innovation in developing countries: evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 7(1), 6.
Dam, R., & Siang, T. (2016). Stages in the design thinking process. Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/5-stages-in-the-design-thinking-process
De Mel, S., McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2009). Innovative firms or innovative owners? Determinants of innovation in micro, small, and medium enterprises. The World Bank.
De Vaus, D. (2001). Research design in social research. Sage.
dos Santos Ferreira, V. H. (2014). The relation between quality management and innovation performance in the textile sector in Portugal. Readings Book. 163.
Expósito, A., Fernández-Serrano, J., & Liñán, F. (2019). The impact of open innovation on SMEs’ innovation outcomes: New empirical evidence from a multidimensional approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 23(5), p. 558-577.
Fan, P. (2011). Innovation capacity and economic development: China and India. Economic Change and Restructuring. 44(1-2), p. 49-73.
Fu, X., Pietrobelli, C., & Soete, L. (2011). The role of foreign technology and indigenous innovation in the emerging economies: technological change and catching up. World Development. 39(7), p. 1204-1212.
Goodwin, K. (2011). Designing for the digital age: How to create human-centred products and services. John Wiley and Sons.
Johansson‐Sköldberg, U., Woodilla, J., & Çetinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: Past, present and possible futures. Creativity and Innovation Management. 22(2), p. 121-146.
Kleinsmann, M., Valkenburg, R., & Sluijs, J. (2017). Capturing the value of design thinking in different innovation practices. International Journal of Design. 11(2), p. 25-40.
Knight, E., Daymond, J., & Paroutis, S. (2020). Design-led strategy: How to bring design thinking into the art of strategic management. California Management Review. 62(2), p. 30-52.
Longenecker, J. G., Petty, C. W., Moore, J. W., & Palich, L. E. (2006). Small business management, an entrepreneurial emphasis. London: Thomson South Western.
Maistry, K., Hurreeram, D. K., & Ramessur, V. (2017). Total quality management and innovation. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management. 34(3), p. 418-437.
Mcsherry, M. (2017). The diffusion of innovation in low-income countries Impact case study. Available at: https://degrp.odi.org/boosting-innovation-in-ghana/
Merholz, P., Wilkens, T., Schauer, B., & Verba, D. (2008). Subject to change: Creating great products and services for an uncertain World. O'Reilly Media.
Mortati, M. (2015). A framework for design innovation: Present and future discussions. Design Issues. 31(4), p. 4-16.
Müller-Roterberg, C. (2018). Handbook of design thinking. Kindle Direct Publishing.
Mutlu, B., & Er, A. (2003). Design innovation: Historical and theoretical perspectives on product innovation by design. Proceedings of the 5th European Academy of Design Conference (April). p. 1–22.
Mytelka, L. K. (2000). Local systems of innovation in a globalized world economy. Industry and innovation. 7(1), p. 15-32.
OECD Manual, O. (2005). The measurement of scientific and technological activities. In Proposed Guidelines For Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. European Commission and Eurostat.
Opie, C., & Brown, D. (2019). Getting started in your educational research: Design, data production and analysis. Sage.
Pisoni, A., Michelini, L., & Martignoni, G. (2018). Frugal approach to innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. 171, p. 107-126.
Plattner, H. (2010). An introduction to design thinking process guide. The Institute of Design at Stanford, Stanford, CA.
Plattner, H., Meinel, C., & Leifer, L. (2012). Design thinking research. Studying Co-Creation in Practice. Heidelberg: Springer.
Plattner, H., Meinel, C., & Leifer, L. (2017). Design thinking research: Making distinctions, Collaboration versus cooperation. Springer.
Rahi, S., Alnaser, F. M., & Abd Ghani, M. (2019). Designing survey research: Recommendation for questionnaire development, calculating sample size and selecting research paradigms. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings. p. 1157-1169.
Razzouk, R., & Shute, V. (2012). What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It Important? Review of Educational Research. 82(3), p. 330–348. DOI: 10.3102/0034654312457429
Ringberg, T., Reihlen, M., & Rydén, P. (2019). The technology-mindset interactions: Leading to incremental, radical or revolutionary innovations. Industrial Marketing Management. 79, p. 102-113.
Shapira, H., Ketchie, A., & Nehe, M. (2017). The integration of design thinking and strategic sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production. 140, p. 277-287.
Siang, T. (2017). The interaction design foundation. Interaction Design Foundation. 7.
Suciu, C., & Baughn, C. (2016). Design thinking and organizational change: Developing a human-centered culture. In European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Academic Conferences International Limited. p. 787.
Tschimmel, K. (2012). Design thinking as an effective toolkit for innovation. In Proceedings of the XXIII ISPIM Conference: Action for Innovation: Innovating from Experience. Barcelona.
Vianna, M., Vianna, Y., Adler, I. K., Lucena, B., & Russo, B. (2012). Design thinking:  Business innovation. Rio de Janeiro: MJV Press.
Wolf, S. (2006). Encouraging innovation and productivity growth in Africa to create decent jobs. DPRU/TIPS Coherence. p. 18-20.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics, An Introductory Analysis. 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row
.