A Phenomenological Understanding of Students’ Lived Experience of Education Based on Design Thinking: Secondary School

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Farhangiyan University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of female students of the first-secondary level of Baharestan city based on design thinking. This study was conducted qualitatively with a phenomenological approach. The data collection tool in this study was a semi-structured interview. The field of research was the female students of Baharestan city, 60 of whom were selected through available sampling and a group interview was conducted with them in the Shad application. Then, the text of the interviews was analyzed using the 7- Colaizzi’s method. To verify the data, strategies such as the review of the interviewees’ impressions and coding, the review of the collaborating researchers, and the agreement between the researcher and participants were used. In the research, the findings from the student’s viewpoint include four themes: "high-order thinking; social skills; social awareness and interpersonal skills" with twelve sub-themes: "problem-solving thinking; creative thinking; critical thinking; cooperation; conflict management; "Increasing teamworking, empathy, needs assessment, responsible innovation, self-regulation, organizing and collecting facts, and paying attention to the surrounding environment." Finally, the results showed that the application of design thinking by using the problem-solving approach and its various styles can improve the social, academic, cognitive, and decision-making skills of students and help them achieve the goals of education, and to increase their cognitive and social abilities so that they can use design thinking in facing obstacles and problems of personal and social life in social environments, including school and family, and have control over their thoughts, emotions, and behavior

Keywords

References

Amanat, D., Momeni Daraei, S., Amanat, N. (2010). Evaluation of the students’ attitude and satisfaction of educational situation in Shiraz dental school. Journal of Dentistry Shiraz University of Medical Science. 10(4), p. 54-9. [in Persian]
Aranda, M. L., Lie, R., & Guzey, S. S. (2020). Productive thinking in middle school science students’ design conversations in a design-based engineering challenge. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. 30(1), p. 67-81.
Barseghian, E. (2010). Design thinking sparks learning in rural North Carolina.
Borge, M., Toprani, D., Yan, S., & Xia, Y. (2020). Embedded design: Engaging students as active participants in the learning of human-centered design practices. Computer Science Education. 30(1), p. 47-71.
Brown, T. (2008). Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review. 86(6), p. 84.
Bruton, A. (2010). Teaching and learning for the 21st Century. In International Council for Small Business: International Conference. Cincinnati, Ohio: ICSB.
Carroll, M. (2014). Learning from what doesn’t work: The power of embracing a prototyping mindset. Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/group/redlab/cgi-bin/publications_resources.php
Carroll, M., Goldman, S., Britos, L., Koh, J., Royalty, A., & Hornstein, M. (2010). Destination, imagination and the fires within: Design thinking in a middle school classroom. The Journal of Academic Development and Education. 1.
Chang, Y., Kim, J., & Joo, J. (2013). An exploratory study on the evolution of design thinking: Comparison of Apple and Samsung. Design Management Journal. 8(1), p. 22-34.
Cross, N. (2007). From a design science to a design discipline: Understanding designerly ways of knowing and thinking. In Design Research Now. Birkhäuser Basel. p. 41-54.
Deaner, K., & McCreery-Kellert, H. (2018). Cultivating peace through design thinking: Problem solving with past foundation. Childhood Education. 94(1), p. 26-31.
Ejsing‐Duun, S., & Skovbjerg, H. M. (2019). Design as a mode of inquiry in design pedagogy and design thinking. International Journal of Art & Design Education. 38(2), p. 445-460.
Elder, L., & Paul, R. (1994). Critical thinking: Why we must transform our teaching. Journal of Developmental Education. 18(1), p. 34.
Gehlbach, H., Brinkworth, M. E., King, A. M., Hsu, L. M., McIntyre, J., & Rogers, T. (2016). Creating birds of similar feathers: Leveraging similarity to improve teacher–student relationships and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology. 108(3), p. 342.
Glen, R., Suciu, C., Baughn, C. C., & Anson, R. (2015). Teaching design thinking in business schools. The International Journal of Management Education. 13(2), p. 182-192
Guaman-Quintanilla, S., Chiluiza, K., Everaert, P., & Valcke, M. (2020). Mapping impact of design thinking in teamwork, problem-solving and creativity. In Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. Cambridge University Press. 1, pp. 1715-1724.
Hubbard, L., & Datnow, A. (2020). Design thinking, leadership, and the grammar of schooling: Implications for educational change. American Journal of Education. 126(4).
Jiang, H., Tang, M., Peng, X., & Liu, X. (2018). Learning design and technology through social networks for high school students in China. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. 28(1), p. 189-206
Johansson‐Sköldberg, U., Woodilla, J., & Çetinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: Past, present and possible futures. Creativity and Innovation Management. 22(2), p. 121-146.
Jun, S., Han, S., & Kim, S. (2017). Effect of design-based learning on improving computational thinking. Behaviour & Information Technology. 36(1), p. 43-53.
Kangas, K., & Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P. (2018). Collaborative design work in technology education. In Handbook of Technology Education. Springer. p. 597-610.
Kolodner, J. L. (2002). Facilitating the learning of design practices: Lessons learned from an inquiry into science education. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education. 39(3), p. 9-40.
Lynch, M., Kamovich, U., Longva, K. K., & Steinert, M. (2019). Combining technology and entrepreneurial education through design thinking: Students’ reflections on the learning process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 119689.
Owen, C. L. (2006). Design thinking: Driving innovation. The Business Process Management Institute. p. 1-5.
Pakmehr, H., jafari, H., Saedi, M. & Karshaki, H. (2012). Rule of the quality of teacher instruction  and its components in the development of students critical thinking oppurtunities and challengesin higher education curriculum. Studdies Education Psychology. 16, p. 15-1. [in Persian]
Pavie, X., & Carthy, D. (2015). Leveraging uncertainty: A practical approach to the integration of responsible innovation through design thinking. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 213, p. 1040-1049.
Plattner, H., Meinel, C., & Leifer, L. (2011). Design thinking: Understand-Improve-Apply. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13757-0
Roth, W. M. (2001). Learning science through technological design. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. 38(7), p. 768-790.
Rupnik, D., & Avsec, S. (2019). The relationship between student attitudes towards technology and technological literacy. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education. 17(1), p. 48-53.
Scheer, A., Noweski, C., & Meinel, C. (2012). Transforming constructivist learning into action: Design thinking in education. Design and Technology Education: An International Journal. 17(3).
Shively, K., Stith, K. M., & Rubenstein, L. D. (2018). Measuring what matters: Assessing creativity, critical thinking, and the design process. Gifted Child Today. 41(3), p. 149-158.
Simon, H. A. (1969). The sciences of the artificial.(1st/3rd eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Star, S. L., & Ruhleder, K. Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces. Information Systems Research. 7(1), 111134.
Stephens, J. P., & Boland, B. J. (2015). The aesthetic knowledge problem of problem-solving with design thinking. Journal of Management Inquiry. 24(3), p. 219-232.
Stock, K. L., Bucar, B., & Vokoun, J. (2018). Walking in another’s shoes: nhaEncing experiential learning through design thinking. Management Teaching Review. 3(3), p. 221-228.
Thoring, K. & Müller, R. M. (2011). Understanding the creative mechanisms of design thinking: An evolutionary approach. In DESIRE’11-Creativity and Innovation in Design, Eindhoven: ACM Press.
Val, E., Gonzalez, I., Iriarte, I., Beitia, A., Lasa, G., & Elkoro, M. (2017). A design thinking approach to introduce entrepreneurship education in European school curricula. The Design Journal. 20(sup1), p. S754-S766.
van Breukelen, D. H., de Vries, M. J., & Schure, F. A. (2017). Concept learning by direct current design challenges in secondary education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. 27(3), p. 407-430.
Vande Zande, R., Warnock, L., Nikoomanesh, B., & Van Dexter, K. (2014). The design process in the art classroom: Building problem-solving skills for life and careers. Art Education. 67(6), p. 20-27.
Wiggins, G. (2012). Keys to effective feedback: Advice, evaluation, grades-none of these provide the descriptive information that students need to reach their goals. What is true feedback-and how can it improve learning. Educational Leadership. 70(5), p. 11-16.
Journal of Design Thinking
Volume 3, Issue 1
June 2022
Pages 37-48

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics