University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601Understanding Experiential Qualities of Light-Touch-Matters: Towards a Tool Kit1207603210.22059/jdt.2020.76032ENBaharehBaratiPostdoc Fellow, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsElvinKaranaAssociate Professor, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsPaulHakkertProfessor, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsJournal Article20180409<em>The present paper is about the tools and strategies, designers adopt and develop to support their understanding of an underdeveloped smart material composite. Referred to as Light-Touch-Matters or in short, the LTM materials, the composition is proposed by materials scientists, integrating the two smart materials of flexible thin-film Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and piezo-electric polymers. In a project funded by European-Union, materials scientists and designers joined forces to further develop such smart material composites through early design input. In order to introduce and represent the LTM materials to designer’s prior their actual development, materials scientists mainly used abstract descriptions, ‘key’ physical properties and sensing/actuating function. Such representations, however, hardly capture the experiential qualities of LTM materials, which concern how they gratify our senses and what meanings, emotions and actions they elicit. This paper has conducted four design case studies to identify the design approaches and representational tools used and developed by designers for understanding, exploration and communication of the experiential qualities of these underdeveloped smart materials. Discussing the limitations of the identified tools in terms of capturing the dynamic and performative qualities, the paper draws further implications towards a future design Tool Kit.</em>University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601The Role of Culture in the Experience of Perceiving Different Products and Their Categories21347603410.22059/jdt.2020.76034ENSomayehAfrashtehMaster of Industrial Design, Art Department, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3550-4220NiloofarShadmehriAssistant Professor, Department of Industrial Design, Tehran University of Art, Tehran, IranMarkosKonstadakisPhD Cand, Intelligent Interaction Lab, Athens, GreeceJournal Article20190609<em>The present paper studies the products in which the created experiences are more perceived. It examines 404 products, claimed by the designer or manufacturer as experience-designed, by means of a questionnaire with four open-ended and closed questions. The validity of the questionnaire was determined via formal methods. As for its reliability, it has been tested through representation along with Cronbach's Alpha methods. The paper employs SPSS-22 for a statistical analysis of the results, chi-square and one-sample T-Student test. The results indicated that (p<0.05) furniture, lighting and decorative products are mostly influenced by experience-design and that users percept the experience from different aspects of a product. Aesthetic aspect is the first one through which a user gains the experience, followed by function, material and manufacturing. Lastly there are the ergonomic features which play an important role in creation of the experience. In general, there is a significant relation between product groups and the aspect that demonstrates the new experience.</em>University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601Is There a Proper Way to Teach Design Thinking? Empirical Evidence from Design Thinking in Education35487603510.22059/jdt.2020.76035ENChristophLattemannProfessor, Department of Business and Economics, Jacobs University, Berman, Germany and University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway0000-0002-4451-8894ErikArntsenInstructor, Institute for Strategy and Leadership, University of Agder, Kristiansand, NorwayBjorn-ToreFlatenAssociate Professor, Institute of Strategy and Management, University of Agder, Kristiansand, NorwayNeeleFürstJacobs University, Berman, GermanyJannickeHolenInstructor, Institute of Design, The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Oslo, NorwayBirgittaCappelenAssociate Professor, Institute of Design, The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Oslo, NorwayJournal Article20190407<em>Since about a decade ago, design thinking has become a prominent topic in the scientific and business world. In order to keep up with global competition, design thinking has proven to be a valuable concept for assisting companies to innovate their products, services and processes. Therefore, business schools worldwide have introduced design thinking courses with the aim of preparing the future workforce. Scholars debate about the appropriate approach to teach design, with this paper trying to identify how a design thinking course should be arranged to teach non-designers the processes, methods and mindset of design thinking. It deals with the question of which form of knowledge conversion is more effective for bringing non-design students closer to the design thinking mindset. To answer this, it reviews current studies on design thinking in education. In particular, the research refers to Simon’s and Schön’s concepts of science of design and reflection-in-action, along with Nonaka and Takeushi’s SECI model. The research involves an experiment with two similar one-week design thinking courses, each having different teaching approaches. The courses are then compared through analysis of reflection reports by students, semi-structured interviews with them and a survey. This research shows that applying design thinking knowledge to real-life projects should be a core element in design thinking curricula, as it plays a crucial role in successfully imparting design thinking. Further, co-teaching and co-learning modes, where designers and non-designers work together and socialization takes place, is more appropriate for imparting design thinking than instructional teaching and learning modes, where design thinking coaches instruct non-designers to internalize design thinking.</em>University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601The Impact of Design Thinking on Innovation49607603610.22059/jdt.2020.76036ENMahdiEradatifamMaster of Industrial Design, Faculty of Industrial Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, IranSaharHeydarabadiMaster of Business Administration, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranAidaShahbaziMaster of Business Administration, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20190523<em>In a world that gets harder and tougher every day, companies need creative and multifaceted solutions for facing their challenges, which simultaneously enables them to win over their rivals. Such a need leads to a method, called Design Thinking, the process of creating new and innovative ideas to solve a particular problem. The aim of this paper is to show how design thinking affects Product, Process and Organizational Innovation. The objective of design thinking is to involve consumers, designers and businesspeople in an integrative process which can be applied to product, service or even business design. Based on the information and literature, the conceptual framework of the research was designed and hypotheses were developed. Data from 95 organizations in science park of Tehran, Iran provided empirical evidence for this survey. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using Smart PLS 3.0 computer software was used to analyze the data. The results of this study suggested that: Design thinking could be applicable to Product, Process and Organizational Innovation. Using the various Design Thinking tools, techniques and templates, organizations can apply them to make their innovations come true.</em>University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601The Effect of Computer-Aided Rehabilitation on Creativity and Computer Problem Solving61687603710.22059/jdt.2020.76037ENLilaMozekeshMaster of Industrial Design, Faculty of Islamic Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, IranYazdanMovahediAssistant Professor, PhD in Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Islamic Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, IranHamid RezaAmarlouMaster of Industrial Design, Faculty of Islamic Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20180413<em>The present study aims at investigating the effect of computer-aided rehabilitation on creativity and computer problem solving of industrial design students at the Islamic Art University of Tabriz. A semi-experimental design with two groups of subjects, each consisted of 15 people, the research uses a computer-aided program along with London Tower Computer Tower and Abedi’s Creativity Test. At first, an announcement was given in the industrial design faculty of Islamic Art University of Tabriz in 2016 to introduce the experiment and those students, willing to attend the experiment, submitted. Among the submitted, 30 students have been initially chosen in random, then to get divided again randomly in two groups with 15 members each. One is the subject group and the other, the control. Prior to taking the test itself, both groups have been given a creativity and problem solving pre-test. In the next 2 months, the subject group has been given rehabilitation, while the control group has not. After the mentioned time, both groups have taken a creativity and problem solving post-test and comparisons between the pre-test and post-test have been done afterwards. Data analysis has been performed by means of SPSS software program, version 21, based on multivariate covariance analysis, to show that the mean scores of pre-test and post-test of both subject and control groups have varied so significantly (P <0.01) that the computer-aided rehabilitation has improved in creativity and problem solving in the former. Considering the positive effects of this method on improvement of creativity and problem solving of industrial design students, the study shows that computer rehabilitation could be used as a method to achieve optimal performance among industrial design students.</em>University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601A Reading of Political Reproduction of Design at French World Expos69807603810.22059/jdt.2020.76038ENFahimehZarezadehAssistant Professor, Department of Islamic Art, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranRoghayehMalekiMaster of Fashion and Textile Design, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Yazd, Yazd, IranJournal Article20180428<em>Throughout the history of international Expos, first held in Great Britain in 1851, governments made constant effort to reproduce a realm of design aligned with their policies. For instance, the republican French government decided to run a series of dynamic Expos in Paris in 1878, 1889 and 1900. Having just survived the 1870s crisis, the nation used them as respond to a fresh political situation at both national and international levels. Accordingly, this study attempts to provide a reading of the three Expos through a descriptive-explanatory approach, so as to find how design in the realm of Expos held by the French government was reproduced to fulfill political goals. The results suggest that the French government adopted various strategies to institutionalize innovative designs, somehow regarded as political reproductions of art, including: promoting tourist consumerism, building revolutionary monuments, and inventing primitive traditions. As for the first strategy, a new visual representation of information and knowledge about products was exhibited to create a kind of enjoyable entertainment. This provided the government with an opportunity to fulfill its developmental needs as consumer goods or industrial structure through interaction with public opinion and viewpoint. On the other hand, growth of economic capital was supposed to be aligned with its function and value of innovative progress. As for the second strategy, a kind of visual infatuation was created to portray the revolution eternally ideal. Finally, the third strategy kept its human utilization through a comprehensive monitoring over ethnic designs.</em>University of Tehran- Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33041120200601On Futures, Un/Certainties, Design Hubris and Morality: A Cautious Plea for Reflection and Moral Disarmament in Transformation Design*81887603910.22059/jdt.2020.76039ENWolfgangJonasProfessor, Institute for Design Research, Braunschweig University of Art, Braunschweig, GermanyJournal Article20180702<em>This brief personal reflection is inspired by the experience while working on a recently published anthology: “Un/Certain Futures - Roles of Design in Social Transformation Processes” (Förster et al. 2018). The author of this text is one of the publishers. The book is not a conference proceeding, even though the “un/certain futures” symposium, which took place on December 1st and 2nd 2016 at Braunschweig University of Art, was the occasion for the initial production of the texts. The book is rather the outcome of the reflections and discussions among the initiators and contributors in the wake of the conference. Therefore, this short text is not a book review. It is meant as a discussion piece in the context of the emerging field of transformative design theories, methodologies and practices such as Transformation Design, Transition Design, Social Design, etc.</em>