University of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Industrial Design Evolution in the Context of Ergonomics and Industry 5.01651729102110.22059/jdt.2023.352818.1090ENHassanSadeghi NaeiniDepartment of Industrial Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4094-0809GiovanniMaria ContiSchool of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Campus Bovisa Durando, Milan, Italy0000-0003-2451-4172Seyed HashemMosaddadSchool of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2955-1650Journal Article20221222The role of humans in both production systems and commodities purchase is crucial, in this regard considering people’s requirements as workforces in the industrial sectors, and as customers in terms of marketing issues are important. Therefore, both ergonomic design and industrial design which concern human beings and users’ needs play key factors in every development. Furthermore, the new generation of industry entitle Industry 5.0 as a progressed form of Industrial 4.0 focused on a human-centric approach in industrial systems in which ergonomics has a crucial place. As industrial design also emphasizes a human-based process not only in product development but also in-service design, the success of this discipline depends on ergonomics consideration and following the rules of Industry 5.0. This new generation of the industry has a wide scope in which some sorts of multidisciplinary science should be involved i.e. humanities, life sciences, engineering, environmental and social sciences. Undoubtedly, merging these areas together and making an appropriate connection between mentioned different fields especially human factors, engineering, and industrial design thinking will be ended in better outcomes in this descriptive informative paper (mentioned fields are focused).https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_91021_15d5bf7ca822a73327ec03b168f90c5a.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Meaningful Design of Toys1731869102010.22059/jdt.2023.352811.1089ENJesper FalckLegaardLAB for Play and Design. Design School Kolding, Kolding, Denmark0000-0003-2739-9835Journal Article20221222Designing objects intended for excitement rather than mere satisfaction has long been a popular subject of design research. Understanding the meaning structures of objects for joy and excitement offers relevant perspectives in this regard for industrial designers. Toys, as objects of play, are pertinent representations of this category and can be an inspirational reference point. The study explores meaning in relation to product design with a particular focus on toys, utilizing the five categories of meaning as a framework for unfolding meaning structures. The aim of the study is to explicate how meaning structures may be examined and designed for, particularly (but not exclusively) in relation to toys. The study indicates that design based on meaning structures rather than exuberant design aesthetics may lead to more meaningful experiences of joyful immersion and exploration of wonder. The paper further aims to demonstrate how the design of toys – and other objects intended for joy and excitement – should (to some degree) adhere to the state of wonder, which may be aided by a focus on meaning structures.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_91020_4d0815880f4ea22e390a546c71fef2f7.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Challenges to the Innovation of Circular Business Models: A Four Case Study of South African Companies1872009216610.22059/jdt.2023.357071.1092ENStephen MalefaneSekobotoDepartment of Economics and Management, Da Vinci Institute of Management, South Africa.Journal Article20230327The refurbishing and recycling of end-of-life products are the foundation of circular business models (CBM), which have the potential to drastically cut costs and have a large positive impact on the environment. CBMs, which reflect the emergence of a circular economy, have proven slow to catch on within organizations. The purpose of this research is to define the interactions that impede the adoption of CBM in order to enhance glitch prevention and a quicker clearance. In four case studies of the circular business model innovation (CBMI) process in South African enterprises, the study covers a cross-case comparison of start-ups and incumbents with varying sizes and client fragmentation. Further data suggests that CBMI contacts are widespread across all socio-technical levels, despite major organizational obstacles. The type of connections and the number of contacts vary significantly amongst the case studies, though. The findings also indicate that other elements, such as organizational size, industry, and consumer segment, influence the nature of relationships made. More interactions that were not previously noted in earlier investigations are revealed in the current study.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_92166_83faa970ea38e749f08ab12754421ed8.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201A Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on 3D Modelling: Students’ Design Concepts in the Bottle form Design Task2012169264010.22059/jdt.2023.357801.1094ENWeishuYangDepartment of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland0000-0003-1025-4189HennaLahtiDepartment of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland0000-0002-9242-3339PiritaSeitamaa-HakkarainenDepartment of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland0000-0001-7493-7435Journal Article202304143D modelling and rapid prototyping skills have become an essential technique in design education and cross-disciplinary educational settings provide opportunities for students to develop design expertise on 3D modelling. In the present study, we focused on 3D modelling in a product design context, and we analysed what kind of design concepts emerge in students’ work when they are taught 3D modelling in a cross-disciplinary setting. This study aims to provide design educators with new insights into novices’ design practices in cross-discipline design education. The research employed a qualitative case-study approach to analyse textual and visual representations (i.e., concept maps, sketches, 3D models, and reflective reports) to explore the students’ design concepts. The cross-disciplinary setting consisted of graphic design, interior design, and product design students who were given a product form design task. All students succeeded in creating description-based concepts that met the problem requirements. However, principle-based concepts emerged only in product design students’ processes. We argue that these kinds of principle-based concepts are related to the product’s structure and functionality, when engaged students can apply product design domain-specific knowledge. In conclusion, this kind of design task has benefits for individual learning and developing usable and aesthetically appealing products. However, there is a clear need for studies that develop workshops and tasks where students can participate in collaborative multi-disciplinary projects.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_92640_cc5f2a74caf219f2a6ca06eec97f6af7.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Product Attachment and Pleasure; A Modus Operandi for Sustainability2172309271810.22059/jdt.2023.357196.1093ENSomayehAfrashtehArt Department, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3550-4220MohammadRazzaghiUniversity of Art, Teharan, Iran.0000-0002-7687-632XJournal Article20230329Emotions are important parts of human lives as they influence the way people make decisions and behave. If users experience a pleasurable relationship with products, it results in user’s satisfaction and resultantly, and sustainable behavior will occur as users would not have the motivation to replace the existing product with a new one. This paper examines if designers can create some sort of proper attachment between users and products, they would tend to use the products to the extent the functionality can be maintained: a situation, considered to be some petite modus operandi for users’ sustainable behavior. This situation is more expected if users find the product pleasurable as well. To investigate, online and paper questionnaires were administered, using 153 respondents. Results revealed that the most pleasurable products are of digital and electronic nature, and mostly for their utilitarian aspects. Fashion, accessories, and embellishment items as well as most clothes are amongst the least attached (pleasurable) items, reported by the respondents.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_92718_c4a1a770c75c464878b02394ecf22b91.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Relationship between Empathy and Psychological Well-being across Indian Designers- A Pilot Study2312429323110.22059/jdt.2023.360919.1096ENJalumediBabuIMPACT College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.0000-0003-3018-1327SumanN.Department of Psychology, NMKRV College for Women, Bengaluru, India.0009-0002-0071-1067P. SnehaLathaIMPACT Group of Institutions, Bengaluru, India.0009-0000-9057-6369Journal Article20230618The Design thinking is a human-centric, problem-solving approach. One of the important stages of design thinking process is empathy. Empathy is essential in forming relationships with others and also acting humanely. A psychologically healthy individual has positive feelings about themselves and is hopeful about the future. Empathic people include humanitarian relief workers, therapists, doctors, journalists, and others whose jobs need them to open up to others’ suffering. They may, however, come to experience the anguish of individuals they assist or whose experiences they chronicle. As a result of this "emotional residue", individuals may shut down, burn out, and become less eager or able to offer. This gives a clue that there is a relationship between empathy and psychological well-being. Previous researchers studied the relation between empathy and psychological well-being focusing only on nurses and medical practitioners. Hence the present study focused on the relationship between empathy and the psychological well-being of designers who are assumed to be empathetic by profession. The results of this study revealed that there is a positive correlation between empathy and the psychological well-being of the designers, the higher the empathy, and better psychological health. The results of this study also revealed that no correlation exists between empathy and the age of the designers.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_93231_1171eac7e8462ac8d0a8906594304f9e.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201The Impact of Educational Environment On the Architectural Design Process of Students2432609364110.22059/jdt.2023.361383.1097ENFloraFakourianThe School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-5076-885XMahdiHamzenejadThe School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8742-927XMehdiKhakzandIran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9390-3433Journal Article20230627In architecture education, beyond the curriculum itself, knowledge is also transmitted through the physical surroundings. This article aims to explore the influence of the educational environment on the design development of architecture students in leading Iranian architecture schools. The sample population is from the top three undergraduate students out of ten selected institutions. the research methodology involves a survey conducted through interviews, on-site observations, and library research. the outcomes were subsequently reviewed by a panel of five experts utilizing the Delphi method. The findings were categorized into objective and subjective characteristics. In the objective analysis, the study sought to identify the prominent elements within educational environments that affect students. In the subjective analysis, the focus shifted to understanding students' responses to their experiential learning during the design process. Through an analysis of students' sketches, three factors emerged as significant in their design approach: "public spaces," "distinctive architectural geometry of the school building," and "symbols." Furthermore, the results indicate that, apart from cultural and identity considerations, the configuration of the educational environment should facilitate the creation of communal activities and a dynamic setting to enhance outcomes in the design process.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_93641_703c7901f2447d902eee0d8ef40d0087.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Design Thinking As an Efficient Platform for Pragmatics of Educational Equipment (Case: primary School Children)2612709380810.22059/jdt.2023.360227.1095ENShakibAlipourDepartment of Industrial Design, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-4826-7057MasoumehRasouliFaculty of Applied Arts, Tehran University of Art, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-4970-8208MohammadMontazeriFaculty of Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-3065-4537ZahraDehghaniSchool of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-7109-0435HamideTorabiDepartment of Industrial Design, Faculty of Art, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-5155-2399MozhganSabzehparvarDepartment of Industrial Design, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1460-5786NedaBroumandiSchool of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-2303-2078MahdiyehJafarnejad ShahriSchool of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5892-1000Journal Article20230609This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of design thinking in enhancing primary school children's learning in the context of using educational equipment. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional research design was utilized, which involved an examination of the theoretical underpinnings and background of the research. An online questionnaire was administered to gather the necessary information, comprising of two sections: demographic information of the respondents and questions relating to children's education and the role of educational equipment. The Likert questionnaire used a 7-point scale. The sample population included primary school teachers and parents with children aged 7 to 12 years from different cities of Iran. The sampling method was voluntary, and a total of 139 respondents completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was measured at 0.865, indicating the high internal consistency of the survey. The results indicate a significant relationship between the duration of learning with the aid of educational tools and the degree of reliance on creative methods and problem-solving power. The study also found a correlation between the educational tool and the motivation to learn. In summary, this study provides evidence that design thinking is an effective approach to enhance primary school children's learning, particularly in the context of using educational equipment. The findings also highlight the importance of the type and complexity of educational tools, as well as the use of creative methods and problem-solving power, in facilitating students' motivation and willingness to use these tools.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_93808_e4eb1a4a980a25f86863f24cc01fb12a.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201A Technical Account Behind the Development of a Reproducible Low-Cost Immersive Space to Conduct Applied User Testing2712909393910.22059/jdt.2023.362877.1098ENJoseph EBaldwinCardiff School of Art & Design, Cardiff Metropolitan University,
Llandaff Campus, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB - Wales - UK0000-0002-3042-3755AliceGilmourSchool of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK0000-0002-7602-9083GarethLoudonSchool of Design, Royal College of Art, London, UK.0000-0001-5218-8453SteveGillLlandaff Campus, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK0000-0001-5611-1939Journal Article20230822Both laboratory and field experiments are flawed in their appropriateness for Human-centered design (HCD) user testing. Simulated Task Environments (STEs) offer a viable alternative, enabling researchers to recreate realistic conditions and immersive environments whilst controlling variables under laboratory conditions. This paper details the design process and technicalities used by a multi-disciplinary HCD research team to develop a reproducible low-cost immersive STE called the Perceptual Experience Laboratory (PEL). The research and development of the PEL in its three distinct stages is outlined to share the lessons learnt for the benefit of researchers and practitioners. In its current form, cylindrical media is surface-mapped on a bespoke 2m-high, 200° video wall to deliver seamless 12K enhanced field-of-view content around the user to visually recreate environments not normally accessible to researchers. The staging area can be configured with props and multisensory cues, simulating an in-context approach for HCD product testing. Additionally, immersive and realistic soundscapes are created via a 20.4 audio system equipped with spatial panners which provide directional sound. A growing number of commercial and academic research projects have been delivered using the PEL with research validating the user testing environment and its ongoing success attracting research and enterprise capital investments to advance immersive capabilities.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_93939_1fd38a1c4411dcda2fc2e38ae6ffb79a.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Assessment of Empathy in Design Thinking Model: A Case Study of Ghanaian Design Company2913029425610.22059/jdt.2023.364812.1101ENEdwardApauSunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana0000-0002-8390-5010Ebenezer KofiHowardDepartment of Industrial Art, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana0000-0001-8282-3091Mawuli XtinAsempapahDepartment of Fine Arts, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana0009-0007-1203-1794Journal Article20230904Design thinking recently has become the model employed in solving difficulties and to improve product and services in design companies. It is known to be user-centric or human-centric which explains how empathetic it is in its design approach. However, it has been observed that even though design thinking is practiced by Ghanaian design industries, the exploit of empathy is not reflective in various deign companies in Ghana, hence a case study to investigate how design companies empathise in their design thinking processes. As a qualitative study, a case and participatory research methods were employed using unstructured interview and participant observation as data collection methods. From the study, it was revealed that 4Heem Apparel similarly practice traditional classic design model where empathy is employed at initial stages of design thinking. Even though it does not affect the quality of design, it sidelines the interest of clients and their involvement in product quality hence affecting its innovative product design. It was therefore suggested that; Ghanaian design companies can be more innovative if they will empathise more with their clients in their design thinking processes.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_94256_218457efdc199df55c6feded00b4a235.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Designing the Formal Identity of an Iranian Car Case Study: Sedan Car Gesign Based on the IKP1 Platform by Iranian Automobile Company3033149428210.22059/jdt.2023.365879.1103ENZahraMerrikhpourDepartment of Industrial Design, Art and Architecture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.0000-0001-7706-1475AminShahkourDepartment of Industrial Design, Art and Architecture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.Journal Article20230926Brand identity plays a crucial role in car design. In a highly competitive automotive market, brand identity helps cars stand out. This distinction can drive consumer preference and loyalty, and influencing purchasing decisions. One of the weaknesses in the design of Iranian cars is the insufficient attention to identity and the failure to follow a clear design direction in the manufactured products. Selecting analyzing the form of IKCO car designs in this research, can provide valuable insights into the company's design philosophy, its efforts to meet the demands of the Iranian market, and approach to creating brand identity through design.Based on the main hypothesis, strengthening the language of design in the current identity of Iran Khodro's products, on the latest available platform for Iranian automotive companies (IKP1), leads to gaining a competitive advantage in the domestic market, enhancing the brand's mental image, and ultimately motivating domestic consumers and increasing sales.In this research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was employed to gather . Initially, preliminary information was collected through a review of quantitative data using library resources. In the second part, a questionnaire was designed to understand user preferences in design. Then, through Benchmarking Competitive Analysis and analyzing the obtained data, specific design factors were identified for different generations of Iran Khodro cars. Based on these factors, recommendations were provided for designing a new sedan car and strengthening the brand's design identity. These factors were examined through Exterior Design Analysis, including Proportions, Body Lines, and Front Fascia.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_94282_2aedf886bd8e89b663154a899d28c60c.pdfUniversity of Tehran - Kish International CampusJournal of Design Thinking2645-33043220221201Metasynthesis and Genealogy of Modern Design Principles3153289436810.22059/jdt.2023.363986.1102ENBabakAmraeeTabriz Islamic Art University, East Azerbaijan, Iran.0000-0002-9408-8490Journal Article20230904since the middle of the 19th century until now, there are many discussions around the principles of modern design, and many books have explained these principles. But there are two problems in those works: first, there is no consensus about these principles and the second problem is that the historiography and stylistics of modern design, influenced by the paradigms of genius-centered creatology, illustrate an apparently coherent narration of the principles of modern design which is completely author-centered and relies on the genius, author's intention, and the final meaning of the work. However, that paradigm is rejected by various studies, nowadays. Considering these two issues, the question of the current research is "What are the modern design principles?" and " under the influence of what contextual factors these principles were formed?". To find the answer, the principles of the modern design have been categorized into seven items, using the metasynthesis method.In the next step, by leaving aside the modern theoretical horizons, and by relying on a new creatology paradigm, this research has investigated the categorized principles. The genealogy of principles shows that modern principles and have not been created based on the author's intention but in a bilateral interaction between its formal language and the transitions in design context. This formation has happened over a long period of time. These principles are not only related to the overall socio-cultural context of design, but each of them somehow behaves like a context and a peripheral force for other components.https://jdt.ut.ac.ir/article_94368_4b1d6c62c58ecbae4e118d785f69cfee.pdf